DEFENCES TO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
Defences to copyright infringement have gained increased significance over the past twenty years. The fourth industrial revolution emerged with the development of innovative copy-reliant services and business models, which have transformed the way in which copyright works can be used and re-used, spanning from digital learning methods, to mass digitization initiatives, media monitoring services, image transformation tools or content-mining technologies. The lawfulness and legitimacy of such innovative services and business methods, that arguably have the potential to enhance public welfare, is dubious and challenges copyright law. EU copyright contains diverse, yet specifically enumerated, narrowly drafted, and strictly interpreted defensive rules, often taking the form of the so-called exceptions and limitations to copyright. In addition, defendants may also deny liability by attacking one or more of the elements of infringement, by bringing forward for instance claims negating copyright subsistence or the scope of copyright protection. Because the fourth industrial revolution comes with the promise of innovation and business growth, which are stated objectives of EU copyright, it invites an examination of defensive rules as an organic whole.
This book adopts such a holistic approach in its exploration of the limits of permissibility under EU copyright, including not only legislatively mentioned exceptions and limitations but also doctrinal principles and external to copyright rules with a view to unveil possible gaps and overlaps, offering a novel classification of defensive rules, and evaluating the adaptability of the law towards technological change. Discussing recent legislative developments, such as the provisions of the Digital Single Market Directive, and case law from the Court of Justice, and bringing insights from an extensive set of national laws and cases, this book tells the story of copyright from the perspective of copyright defences, offering both positivist and normative insights into law and doctrine and arguing towards a principle-based understanding of the scope of defences that could inform future law and policy making.
SELECTED ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS
Monographs
Karapapa, S. (2020) Defences to copyright infringement: Creativity, innovation and freedom on the internet, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Borghi, M. and Karapapa, S. (2013) Copyright and Mass Digitization: A Cross-Jurisdictional Perspective, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Karapapa, S. (2012) Private copying: The Scope of User Freedom in EU Digital Copyright, Oxford/New York: Routledge.
Textbook
Karapapa, S. and McDonagh, L. (2019) Intellectual Property Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Karapapa, S. (2017) The requirement for a “new public” in EU copyright law. European Law Review, 2017 (1). pp. 63-81. ISSN 0307-5400
Borghi, M. and Karapapa, S. (2015) Contractual restrictions on lawful use of information: sole-source databases protected by the back door? European Intellectual Property Review, 37 (8). pp. 505-514. ISSN 0142-0461
Karapapa, S. and Borghi, M. (2015) Search engine liability for autocomplete suggestions: personality, privacy and the power of the algorithm. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 23 (3). pp. 261-289. ISSN 1464-3693
Karapapa, S. (2014) Reconstructing copyright exhaustion in the online world. Intellectual Property Quarterly, 2014 (4). pp. 304-322. ISSN 1364-906X
Borghi, M., Ferretti, F. and Karapapa, S. (2013) Online data processing consent under EU law: a theoretical framework and empirical evidence from the UK. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 21 (2). pp. 109-153. ISSN 1464-3693
Karapapa, S. (2013) A copyright exception for private copying in the United Kingdom. European Intellectual Property Review, 35 (3). pp. 129-137. ISSN 0142-0461
Borghi, M. and Karapapa, S. (2011) Non-display uses of digital works: Google Books and beyond. Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property, 1 (1). pp. 21-52. ISSN 2045-9815
Karapapa, S. (2011) Padawan v SGAE: a right to private copy? European Intellectual Property Review, 33 (4). pp. 244-259. ISSN 0142-0461
Karapapa, S. (2010) Registering scents as community trade marks. The Trademark Reporter, 100 (6). pp. 1335-1359.
Book chapters
Karapapa, S.(2020) Exhaustion of rights on digital content under EU copyright: positive and normative perspectives. In: Aplin, T. (ed.) Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Digital Technologies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 483-505. ISBN 9781785368332
Borghi, M. and Karapapa, S.(2019) Dal cartaceo al “digitale di massa”: biblioteche virtuali, diritto d’autore e il caso Google Books. In: Zaccarello, M. (ed.) Teoria e forme del testo digitale. Carocci editore, Roma, pp. 95-114. ISBN 9788843096671
Karapapa, S.(2019) Post-it note.In: Op den Camp, C. and Hunter, D. (eds.) A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 329-335. ISBN 9781108325806
Karapapa, S.(2019) Copyright protection of street art and graffiti in Greece: intellectual property and personal property in conflict? In: Bonadio, E. (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Copyright in Street Art and Graffiti. Cambridge University Press, pp. 239-254. ISBN 9781108563581
Karapapa, S.(2018) Article 30(3) of the International Convention on the rights of disabled persons. In: Bantekas, I., Stein, M. and Anastasiou, D. (eds.) The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: A Commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 9780198810667
Karapapa, S.(2018) The press publishers' right in the European Union: an overreaching proposal and the future of news online. In: Bonadio, E. and Lucchi, N. (eds.) Non-Conventional Copyright: Do New and Non-traditional Works Deserve Protection? Edward Elgar, pp. 316-339. ISBN 9781786434067
Sterling, J. A. L. and Karapapa, S.(2018) Economic rights. In: Cook, T. and Sterling, J. A. L. (eds.) Sterling on World Copyright Law. 5th edition. Sweet & Maxwell, pp. 389-479. ISBN 9780414066229
Sterling, J. A. L. and Karapapa, S.(2018) Moral rights. In: Cook, T. and Sterling, J. A. L. (eds.) Sterling on World Copyright Law. 5th edition. Sweet & Maxwell, pp. 355-388. ISBN 9780414066229
Sterling, J. A. L. and Karapapa, S.(2018) National, international and regional protection. In: Cook, T. and Sterling, J. A. L. (eds.) Sterling on World Copyright Law. 5th edition. Sweet & Maxwell, pp. 713-719. ISBN 9780414066229
Sterling, J. A. L. and Karapapa, S.(2018) International conventions, treaties and agreements. In: Cook, T. and Sterling, J. A. L. (eds.) Sterling on World Copyright Law. 5th edition. Sweet & Maxwell, pp. 721-730. ISBN 9780414066229
Some of the above mentioned publications are available to download from ResearchGate and SSRN